We really are not much impressed
by Large Language Models (LLMs) -popularly ChatBots, the latest version in fast
accruing scene: ChatGPT4. Although I do identify with language learning
strategies through approximation, and yes GPT4 is far better than me when it
comes to grammar skills and sentence construction, but at the end of the day it
is just scalable approximation working in the context to get meaning. It is a
stochastic parrot. It is quite easy to contextualize information to create
knowledge. So, it is possible to achieve self-knowledge, determination of self
in context. Consciousness is an entirely different matter. It’s an array of
triggers and possibilities that come together in a matter of increased chance,
which can only be traced in retrospect. Significant aspect of being a human is
the ability to reflect, reflect on what is understood. Rather than being in
constant loop of gathering for probabilistic knowing reflection is a solitude
matter, choosing thoughts, connecting ideas, sensing reality in its unique
diversity (and here body too plays an important role that AI lacks), valuing
through experience, creating convictions, sophisticating through time. To focus
is to choose, to choose what you care and value. An algorithm working on
scalable pattern is incapable to understand what to value. It will move with
the herd. It will solve problems to satisfy herd and keep them rivetted. It
will replace template of mass entertainment and consumption. It is incapable to
fathom uniqueness of individual. AI chatbots therefore are threat as it can
manipulate, weaponize disinformation, assist in plagiarizing so on. The deep
learning is misaligned through biases, prejudices and power dynamics. AI is set
to exaggerate crass and awe us to fake. The concern raised by prescient minds
at the cutting edge of AI ‘to pause AI experiments for six months’ is valid. Laws
have not kept up with significant ethical challenges and possibility of social
strife threatening to seriously undermine democratic institutions and individual
liberty. Repeated dehumanizing degradations that is classified as jobs are
being exposed, so is crude crass mindless entertainment driven consumption
pattern. I see AI being a serious threat to herd churning systems like market
and religion. The threat of herd getting excited through fake and
disinformation is real and will keep humanity at its wits for a long time to
come. Lacking faculty to discern they will fall for the manipulation. Lacking
compassion and critical thinking sensibilities they will get violent. Education
seems to be the only savior as it has the potential to retrieve humans from
herd. Meditation, self-reflection, as also associating with thoughts that
elevates us to human condition will help to understand context of life hence
sharpen sensibilities and faculties to discern context. Any sensible person must
have watched rewatched thought rethought Tarkovsky’s Solaris. Tarkovsky notes
about the protagonist "For me it was important that he would be just like that.
He should be a man of a rather limited spiritual range, average- just in order
to be able to experience this spiritual battle, fear, not like an animal which is
in pain and does not comprehend what is happening to it. What was important to
me was precisely that human being unconsciously forces himself to be human,
unconsciously and as far as his spiritual abilities would allow, he opposes the
brutality, he opposes all that is inhuman while he remains human. And it turns
out that despite him being -so it would seem- a thoroughly average guy, he
stands at a high level spiritually. It is as if he convicted himself, he went
right inside this problem and he saw himself in a mirror".
AI
will force us to reevaluate what is to be a human. Is it that what is keeping
us occupied making us more human or is it reducing our humanity, human
faculties and sensibilities? It is a much needed mirror that humanity is forced to look into, a pause
to evaluate human civilization. It is quite clear that AI lacks significantly to
become an AGI (Artificial General Intelligence), even a larger model of AI will fall short. It needs a technological
breakthrough of sorts to reach human level AI i.e. AGI, while creating consciousness
is much further from human grasp. Hence the concerns raised on “misaligned superintelligent AGI” cannot
really be taken that seriously. Indeed, LLMs or low-level
utilitarian chatbots are not what AI is all about, it may amuse some, but the
astounding possibilities are in discreet setting -limited frame of reference.
AI is bringing out aspect of reality that human beings are not able to even
perceive let alone conceive whether discovering antibiotic Halicin -in the
process glimpsing properties of molecules that we are not aware that AI found scalable,
or AlphaZero showing possibilities that no human could think in last many
centuries of playing chess or AlfaFold solving protein folding problem. These
are example of AI’s true potential that is exploring and discovering patterns
that is beyond human reason. It is creating a black box which human rationality
have no access to. Scary though it is AI in discreet setting hold immense
potential for the future but that shouldn’t be in any way confused with AGI. AGI, that is human like AI, is quite
impossible with present technology and hardware mechanism of binary computers
-that is deterministic with limited flexibility and adapting skills. The
concern regarding ‘misaligned superintelligent AGI’ doesn’t really pass basic
scrutiny. AGI needs a breakthrough technology, a conscious AI seems quite
remote at this stage (some are even making post-singularity predictions!!). There is a exponential increase in computation capability and
complexity in recent times that is ofcourse getting us closer to reality but
consciousness is not a physical process which can be described by computation.
Computation is based on discreet elements, specific actions, contexts, rules,
and is confined despite ever increasing computation possibilities. While
consciousness is part of a continuum. It is symphony at the edge of chaos. The
murmuration of starlings and school of fish evading predator are vibrant conscious
continuum. There is an understanding that connects, an ambiguous perception
that resolves as conscious then exhibits, blends and vanish, in eternal
iterative loops as it were.
Unlike binary based AI which is essentially
accumulative growth, indeed pathbreaking, the shift from binary computers to
quantum technology is a paradigm shift. This transition is ‘extraordinary science’
(Thomas Kuhn), revolutionary like Copernican, Newtonian, Einsteinian etc. Breakthrough
ideas and technology creates revolutionary transition, that necessitates abandoning
of existing paradigms. This is how nature too works, more than Darwinian natural
selections it is mutations that have played significant role in evolution. It's
syncing of life with emergent, of survival understanding as chance in chaos. Even
at geological scale Cuvier’s theory of cataclysmic events -world altering catastrophes,
as cause of mass extinction plays more importance than Lyell’s gradual uniformitarian
vanishing of species. Homo sapiens, indeed mammals, got a chance at life
through asteroid strike wiping out dominant reptiles -dinosaurs, sixty-six million
years ago. And now humans are the cause of cataclysmic events unfolding. Sorry
for the digression but the center point of argument here is ‘misalignment of AGI’
is quite impossible since the technology involved in AGI is break from past. Large
generative algorithm created AI will ofcourse carry misalignment that is
embedded in the society. Most countries across the world, indeed EU, are
working on regulation of AI ethics.
Knowledge is about probability
and contingency. It’s probable because of the available data and critical
faculties of sense contingent to the situation. The reason why Karl Popper is a
compelling and relevant philosopher. Current understandings are evolving and is
in eternal iterating loop with reality each individual faces. This is the
journey of each individual for his or her truth, and in the sense contribution
to collective truth of humanity. It is impossible to know reality perfectly. It
is always an approximation that keeps updating with more inputs and insights. Generative
algorithm, machine learning based on deep neural network, is also working on
increasing probability. Bayes theorem is a mathematical equation to probe the
probability and increase the chance. It’s the backbone of machine learning. It’s
an iterative learning to keep increasing the probability and getting
approximation closer to reality as the prior is updated with inputs from each
event. Now this can only work if we are open minded since certainty makes
learning impossible. Every moment in life is an experience that contributes to
diversity of experience hence our approximation of our reality that is unique
and cherished as expression of life. Life is probing into deeper conscious and
possibilities. Even though quantum breakthrough will help access reality at
molecular level hence push scientific breakthroughs but conscious AI is still
way ahead since quantum too is working on computing. Even basic quantum is
based on Schrodinger’s equation which means it is still computable i.e.
deterministic. It’s the breakdown of quantum is where the possibility of
conscious, the collapse of wave function (measurement as consciousness), reducing of quantum state. This is
the building block of proto conscious which will provide the building block of conscious
according to Roger Penrose. He argues on conscious as non computable hence non
algorithmic and speaks about Orchestrated Objective Reduction -a philosophy of
mind wherein consciousness originates at quantum level inside neuron rather
than product of connection between the neurons or synapses. So, negating the
idea of conscious sourced from computation at synapses hence brain output -neurological
data, as input from consciousness.
Computation is based on mathematics
and logic herein. But much of math is constructed on unprovable true. It is
based on axioms -undeniable statement assumed to be true. Theorems and proofs
are constructed from axioms using rules of inference and logical deduction. There
are therefore true statements that are impossible to prove. Hence logical
systems will have unprovable trues. This is self-referential paradox. This is the
famous Godel’s Incompleteness Theorem. “The revelation of the causal power of
meaning in a rule bound but meaning free universe” (Godel, Escher, Bach: An
Eternal Golden Braid by Douglas Hofstadter) “…Twisted
loop of selfhood trapped in inanimate bulb called brain”. Infinite in finite. Hofstadter, unlike Penrose -biology based consciousness, argues that focus from material component to abstract patterns allows the quasi magical leap from inanimate to animate, from nonsemantic to semantic, from meaningless to meaningful, to take place. This abstract pattern is 'strange loop' -that Godel brings out through his theorem, Escher through his drawing and Bach through music. Whether it is biological based (quantum tangled neurons) or non biological (strange loops -complex set of stimuli drastically reduced into a concept) one is not sure nor competent to comment. But what is clear is all logical construction
is based on reliability of proof procedure. This reliability is based on not
provable by the rules that is given, the meaning impervious. Rules have to be
trusted for the logical outcome. This understanding of why the rules gives you
truth enables you to transcend the truth. This understanding is outside the
rule or computable framework, hence is indication of conscious. It is where the system stands back and think about its own thought process.
What is the reason to think in such a way? What is that what I am thinking? This
self-referential paradox is self-reflection, hence awareness and
understanding, hence consciousness.
Post Script: Ray Kurzweil proposes AI consciousness by 2029 through LLM. Ofcourse his idea of consciousness is philosophical! Singularity by 2045. Also, recent research into role of glial cells adds to new dimensions.