Monday, December 11, 2017

Why justice as consensual social contract becomes difficult?



 “A theory however elegant and economical must be rejected or revised if it is untrue; likewise laws and institutions no matter how efficient and well-arranged must be reformed or abolished if they are unjust.”

That is a quote by John Rawl, American philosopher who delved on ‘Theory of Justice’, and since he was not an economist he makes genuine attempts to understand the concept of ‘justice as fairness’. Early this year when I read him, I was quite taken in by his incisive and rather creative attempt at understanding justice. It was refreshing and empathetic understanding of the world. Unlike what we come across in this part of the world with word plays, manipulative grandstanding from mythical much grander world, quoting ancient archaic texts and digging history for stellar self-consuming justifications that is projected as so unique in the universe (world is always a small place) that it is beyond miracle, and that these spellbinding purifying thoughts emerges from a society like India where justice is quite an alien idea and inequity has horrendous tradition makes it compelling. Following these hallowed tradition a dear fellow (compulsive name dropper) proclaims, with ever keen sensibilities for Western audience, "My job as an economist has been about identifying injustice …” He writes a book on justice in India without ever mentioning caste (I read the book few years back, I faintly recall he didn’t dwell on the issue, he may or may not have mentioned it in passing. Seriously I don’t have inclination to go through it again having understood the context, but must add it is a well written scholarly work that needs rare intellect). An incisive columnist (Braj Ranjan Mani) in a subaltern magazine writes (these will not be found in mainstream magazines which ofcourse is about ‘mahatmas/pundits’ and search for ever purifying peace)Intellectual compromise of the best gives rise to the worst. Amartya Sen's sanitised, caste-blind perspective on social unfairness, Hinduism and Indian culture, despite the show of reason, eclecticism …is a gross distortion of historical reality, and a classic example of the limitation –and danger–of elitist liberalism” he writes further “It is astonishing that such a conscientious scholar who has built his career on researching social unfairness and exclusion has hardly ever engaged with caste and its consequences. Caste, for whatever reasons, fails to qualify as a worthy subject of his scholarly engagement. Of course, sometimes he names caste in the categories of inequalities but just in passing and in a manner which raises questions about his approach to the axis of hierarchy and oppression in India . Whenever he mentions caste, he shows a strange inclination to minimise its negative impact or significance by invoking the all-powerful and crushing asymmetry of class. It is surprising since Sen is no impassioned believer in class radicalism, Marxism or socialism; he is, in fact, contrary to popular perception, a career academic and (at least now) a neoliberal intellectual, though of an ultra-refined kind”. “Making brilliant use of his talent, intellect and eclectic scholarship, what Amartya Sen essentially does, again like other elitist intellectuals in the service of cultural nationalism, is to erect a sophisticated defence of caste, brahmanism and their consequences under the guise of presenting a more balanced, nuanced and “open-ended” reading of Indian culture and society. But beneath the surface of attractive phraseology, Sen's perspective, too, is centred around the normalisation of caste and exaltation of Hinduism”. The columnist makes an incisive conclusion “But, like all the champions of the Hindu Left and Gandhism and their lovely talk of Hindu-Muslim unity, the tragedy and hypocrisy of Amartya Sen is that his caste-blindness and competitive exaltation of Hinduism and Indian culture puts him in close and dangerous kinship to the very sectarian and violent forces he is ranged against. His fundamentally flawed reading of Hinduism, especially his inability to understand “communalism” as the unresolved and festering question of caste in Indian society, makes him a proponent of a vacuous brahmanic secularism which only feed and nourish the Hindutva forces”.

Willy Sen, intellectual torchbearer of Castetva forces with refined masquerade of liberal tradition that is insistently attuned to western gaze, doesn’t confine his wiliness to caste normalisation. As a ‘neo-liberal economist’ his apathy towards environmental issues even in context to justice, which ofcourse is a major concern in recent times, is also telling, and was pointed by this blogger few years back. The other day I was reading an incisive column by George Manbiot, he writes “When you hear that something makes economic sense, this means it makes the opposite of common sense. Those sensible men and women who run the world’s treasuries and central banks, who see an indefinite rise in consumption as normal and necessary, are beserkers: smashing through the wonders of the living world, destroying the prosperity of future generations to sustain a set of figures that bear ever less relation to general welfare” he concludes with an incisive assertion “We need a different system, rooted not in economic abstractions but in physical realities, that establish the parameters by which we judge its health. We need to build a world in which growth is unnecessary, a world of private sufficiency and public luxury. And we must do it before catastrophe forces our hand”. Economists have failed us, and likes of Amartya Sen emerging intact from primitive society has failed us doubly. It is an amazing level of disconnect from surrounding that is so very characteristic. These disconnect spreads to every level where Indian intellect seeks to establish. Knowledge is keenly sought to be disconnected, indeed isolated, from realities of the surrounding. As if to avoid contamination! So as Indians get into higher and higher studies the gap keeps widening, finally reduced to mediocre shells of humans ready to use the skills to grab and fatten, as the blessing keeps mounting.   
  Coming back to Rawl, he evaluates social justice with rare empathy and insight. The remarkable man wanted to use power of idea to change the unjust world he was living in. He observes that ‘things as they are now is patently unfair’. Statistics, studies, all points to unfairness of society. But we don’t take these unfairness seriously because everything around us tell us all the time that if we work hard and have ambition we will make it. These seep into institutions and individual’s ideas on life, as a motto. Rags to rich stories are rare and exaggerated (and, if ever, it remains a compromise that least affect the unfairness of the system or it is about being co-opted into the system. Success is being good at something that helps or consolidates the existing system with biases. Ofcourse in Indian context much sinister forces are at play). Indeed, Rawl observes, maintaining these stories was a deceit perpetuated by powerful forces from the necessary task of reforming society, and to take urgent steps to make it equitable. But as the last few decades have shown inequity has accentuated drastically, and in countries like India these are severe, and with traditional deviant frameworks it is nothing but inhuman. Exploitation of people and nature goes on with same alacrity all across the world.  To understand the situation better Rawl comes out with a thought experiment. Imagine if you were not you. Rawl asks us to be in a ‘conscious intelligent’ state before birth but without any knowledge into the circumstance we are going to be born into. Our future is shrouded in ‘veil of ignorance’. We are hovering high above the planet earth (needs to add he was fascinated by Apollo mission). We do not know what kind of society we will be born into, to what sort of parents? What kind neighbourhood? What kind of schools, police, judiciary..? How is the world going to treat us? So on. And here he asks a significant question that forms the crux of his argument. If we knew nothing about where we would end up what sort of a society would it feel safe to enter? ‘Veil of ignorance’ will focus us to think about the appalling level of risks in entering a society. If the society is poverty ridden, unjust, corrupt, nepotistic, apathy driven will any sane birth lottery player really want to take the gamble of ending up in such a society? Ofcourse not. So what will they do? They will fervently insist that the rule of the game be changed otherwise it’s too risky! And you very well know what need to be fixed, and urgently so. You will want an equitable society with good schools, excellent hospitals, fair justice system, decent housing so on to everyone, a society that gives you safety and assuredness to explore your potential as a human to the fullest without any fear. Our focus therefore would be what needed to be done to be adequately positioned in worst case scenario. Rawl concludes that we know we finally made our societies fair if we don’t mind being born under any circumstance in any place. The fact that we cannot take such a challenge is a measure of how deeply unfair society is. A society, ultimately, will have to be hinged on liberty and equality. Basic liberties and rights for all. Distributive justice on resources and privileges. 

Now the question arises why such thoughts, ideas and concerns don’t emerge from a society that is amazingly discriminative and terrifyingly inequitable. The data, statistics, observable realities, points to horrendous levels of disparities that is so much milder –considering the religio-traditional moral vacuum, than what Rawl –placed as he was in western context, experienced and observed with his keen sense of intellect and empathy. The answer is self-evident, this society is incapable to produce such individuals or ideas, and if ever these will be immediately suppressed. And you have the same narrations throughout the history of this beleaguered society wherein egalitarian humanistic forces were undermined, and after the idea of nation state racist, casteist Gandhians reign supreme as benign overseers, hobnobbing with primitive elites nurtured in sanctum vacuum, cleverly quelling any hint of reality of common people while superseding oneself into high moral grounds with entitled ease, even posturing as a reference for the world. There is an egalitarian tradition that is being co-opted into casteist narration as signs of diversity, wherein these enlightened traditions that were anchored by some beautiful human beings across the centuries from Buddha to Nanak to Kabir (the latter arose during bhakti era as brahmanical/caste tyranny consolidated) that forms the bedrock of this society that fiercely opposed caste narrations. Gandhi can easily be figured as an imposter, a case of attempting to implant morally constructed soul into an immoral society for immediate gain and attempted normalisation of primitive hometruths. The nearest they get is patronising as unsolicited guardians, or giving handouts to seek their own redemption, hence these clever conception of ‘trustees’, ‘dharidhranarayan’ or ‘harijan’ (if you are aware of context then harijan means bastards, if you understand the origin is children of temple –born out of devadasis –another hoary tradition).  
To be fair, though Gandhi performed his part adroitly but things changed as situation went out of hand, his use was over and was dumped by castetva forces stampeding for power, in the melee of horrendous tragedy that unfolded on common people, ofcourse brought on by these posturing ego maniacs habituated to take people for granted, Gandhi did, in his fag end, showed signs of deep remorse, a hint of enlightened understanding. But nevertheless he doesn’t figure, not even in the footnote (not even among his contemporaries ranging from Phule to Narayana Guru to Periyar to Ambedkar) of great souls this society has produced, much so when he is fiercely promoted by castetva forces. It will be irresponsible not to resist this encroachment by casteist masquerading as kindred souls. We live in age of internet enlightenment, and in the age of critical scrutiny and consequences. Historical figures are not immune, urgently so, when dubious despicable people are controlling narrations that have severely eroded the moral context of the society in the last many decades since the so called independence. The other day I was listening to ‘Redemption Song’ (by inimitable Bob Marley) these lines are so appropriate for this context 
How long shall they kill our prophets
While we stand aside and look?

Social thinkers (the critical areas of sociology is severely compromised, with lack of intellect and critical consideration, atrophied mind incapable to ask uncomfortable questions and judiciously seek answers in difficult places) so called public intellectuals and god forsaken economists can only conjure as narrators of elite consolidation, manipulated documentations and constant urge to showcase their blessings by compulsive names dropping, queuing up to claim their prize and position. It’s pavlovian. They are nurtured to be remarkably immune to the horrendous realities of surrounding while sprightly ones have factored in these as amazing case of unity in diversity in what is essentially a sick society. Meanwhile as Gandhi was elevated into stratosphere, essentially as representative of wonder that they themselves are, it was also consolidation of an affliction that these mediocres –lacking as they are in any self-reflective capacity, attributed entitlements to themselves as blessing in the elevated ordained status of ‘jagad gurus’. Placed in bleakest of society they orchestrated this deviousness as overseer of world peace. Indeed any sanctum pit anywhere is buzz with experts ready with formulae and procedure for world peace. Some even write long articles pointing to instances of atrocities happening across the world and lament that Indians are loosing their elevated status as conscience caretakers of the world. So instead of seeking solutions for horrendous reality, or even accepting that there is something seriously amiss, that they ofcourse are complicit, they proficiently set out to position themselves as rightful but benign overseer of world and universe beyond, nothing else is acceptable in the conception of gargantuan ego with ever limited intellect. Gandhi was lovingly groomed and packaged, fiercely defended and rapturously poured as amazement sample for the world, as a representation of highest possible awe striking miraculous context that humans are blessed to witness. And as the society putrefied in amazing level of depravity, that is rarely seen anywhere else among Homo sapiens, caste feudal were scaling tallest of moral grounds from their local putrefying pits in their brutal quest for wonderful diversity, nonviolence and worldly peace. Narrators with clever linguistic skills, specifically in English, were readying as disseminators of controlled narration as also highlighting special versions of history into glorious realities. Obviously in such intense stampede moral context and tribulation of common people was never a concern, so much so that in the fine tradition of myth making even basic data and statistics are mostly absent or made unreliable and we have to be constantly dependent on international input. Truth is what corresponds to reality, but when you can dabble with reality then truth is manipulated with ease state might and cronyism.

 The mindsets and attitude that seek to understand the surrounding, seeking empathetic solutions or insight, were singularly absent and hence sought to deal reality through fatalism and myth making. Temple hopping rituals became a desired trait that percolated to the lowest base of power structure while those adept in these manipulative depravities were elevated into highest of policy making positions as blessings, concurrently as aspiration model, while bereft of any professional or problem solving skills or even any discernable basic human qualities. The enlightened traditions were superseded and encroached, with vicious arsenals of entitlements and, power salivating uniquely Indian monstrous humbleness, into its fold through state power as caste feudal ransacked the democratic institutions and power structures that was transferred and presented as nation state from colonialism. The tardy nature of democratic institutions, and general apathy, unresponsiveness, exploitations etc. can be traced to these horrendous traditions that fattened in moral vacuum. Where everything is ordained and skills confined to sycophancy to powerful –something that is chiselled and exacted into an artform over centuries of sanctum squatting deviousness that has percolated as desired trait, meanwhile an amazing level of depravity against vulnerable. Competence is conceived, understood and cemented through camaraderie and fine art of patronage dispensing. So lick the people at top with all blessed earnestness and stamp the people below with equal blessed earnestness becomes definitive nature of the society. Meanwhile obvious moral gaps are filled with narrations of fatalism and mythical subterfuge. 

A mindset of person like Rawl emerges from the same society that nurtures rational enquiry and values open equitable democratic values (that ofcourse is seriously getting compromised in the debilitating onslaught of market chicanery and religious miracles). Where primal forces, and notions of nature, becomes abiding judge of moral bearings and thoughts. These kinds of understanding needs high level of imaginative thinking and a deep concern, connectedness, to the surrounding. It’s a combination that Indian elite section, hence the whole aspirational reference of the society, singularly lacks. It doesn’t happen when families functions with psychopathic value system and cannibalism as transactional attribute while they count entitled blessings, and the insular worldview sustained and judiciously nurtured, emerging from the traditions of moral vacuum. They can do wonderfully well in crony capitalism, also where charm is useful to manipulate and only discernible talent. Mostly mediocres with high estimation of oneself they actively connive to not only deny the realities of surroundings, lest it intrudes into carefully constructed world, but to replace it with myths of grandeur and concerns that seeks highest moral grounds, unbounded by any human borders. It is a spectacular achievement of manipulation from putrefying pit. There is a deeply disturbing nothingness with these preoccupations of caste. The inability to grapple the moral incoherence is baffling. Can human societies fall into such deep pits?