Friday, October 25, 2024

Reevaluating Kipling

 

I have had quite churning last few days. I read ‘If’ by Rudyard Kipling again. It is a poem that touched me quite deeply when I was trying to find my footing in nasty noisy Delhi horror -was really ambling the edge, few steps into abyss, and when you are young these kind of ‘inspiring’ poems gives meaning. Surely, I owe Kipling gratitude hence the urge to reevaluate the mainstream narration. It is important to engage, understand, and not to shun based on staid narrations or powerful interests that have frozen contemporary into past narrations. So I thought to spend time to critically analyze Kipling, not on his entire oeuvre (quite incompetent to do that, nor have I read all his work) but narration that attempt to undermine. I maybe wrong but my views matter, atleast to me. What is clear is that Kipling was brilliant writer as also incisive and sensitive as can be judged by Jungle Book. "Kipling, the supposed expert writer on India, showed a better understanding of the mind of the animals in the jungle than of the men in an Indian home or the marketplace" commented RK Narayan. There is no reference of Kipling claiming that he is an expert writer on India nor is it attributed anywhere. And yes, understanding minds of animals (ofcourse anthropomorphized, nevertheless a story that delighted generations of young readers) is an appreciable attribute and a personal choice. It also questions on what was RK Narayan’s understanding of men (women were yet to be discovered -thanks LeGuin!) in an Indian home or marketplace? His fictions were well written and one of them (The English Teacher) searingly personal that left deep imprint on me. Narayan, like Kipling, was also a brilliant writer and exceedingly funny who created endearing characters, nostalgic reminder of innocent world gone by that you want to clasp and not let go. But his fiction had basic flaw, he gives a fantastically naïve version of Indian society sanitized of apparent glaring blemish that is everyday reality of common people. It is a simplified world of simplistic people with excessive emotions. These nice stories tickled the sensibilities of elite narration on an afternoon siesta. It hardly showcased grittiness and heartbreaking reality of what is essentially a primitive society. Well, it is his choice to place fiction the way he wants to but to claim an understanding of Indian society, or attributing a reflection of Indian reality, doesn’t pass basic scrutiny (indeed most Indian writers lack sincerity and romanticize the bleak, those who show sensitivity come out as excessively patronizing and insipid, after my earlier reading -as I was exploring as a beginner, I rarely indulge Indian writers, they mostly lack vigor, there were rare exceptions like say NirmalVerma -also liked him as a person, Bashir, Mistry so on). Narayan’s nonfiction musings could have balanced this lack instead he comes out as a self-absorbed colossal bore and irresponsibly inane.

Colonial Britain was much advanced having consolidated ideas of science and philosophy into streamlined thinking and institutions. Britain was at the center of industrial revolution and was essentially the engine of human progress (powerful monarchy created the conditions is undeniable). It is therefore natural for anyone placed within the society to feel superior when encountering a world which was seriously wanting and primitive in all apparency. And when you see the other of different skin color it is but natural to see the pattern and attribute to race hence racism. Writers, of the caliber and sensibilities of Kipling, are meant to be different. They cannot herd people into discrimination or dismiss whole society based on what they may see on daily basis as the only reality. They are supposed to do their work and search for redeeming qualities in the morass of neglect and find individuals to claim humanity. They have to break pattern of complacency in classifying and negating people into horrible discriminations. So how did Kipling fare? Well, his heart was in the right place, and surely was a victim of circumstance. You cannot blame him for ‘white man’s burden’ since he genuinely believed it as a benign responsibility (benign and not racist considering his nuanced sensibilities). How this got detached into wider narration, and to contemporary interpretation, is definitely his fault, as a writer he could have anticipated this pattern -surely, he must have observed blatant racism around him. He was privy to better version of humanity but he failed. Also, as a incisive writer he could have eviscerated Indian society into all its worth with the kind of empathy that was evident in Jungle Book. He chose not to. That reminds me of profoundly insightful Swedish writer Harry Martinson, who spent few days in Mumbai in early 19th century while his ship was docked -he was stoker labour at the engine. His heightened sensibilities and complexities of existential experiences he faced equipped him to effortlessly spot redeeming humanity in the beauty of ordinary people trapped in absolute rot of depraved society (for more you may visit https://depalan.blogspot.com/2023/12/on-meditative-stillness.html). Kipling chose not to and that is where he compromised.

The youngsters in british university were right to insist on Angelou’s poem. It is urgent and values the time in which we live in, importantly it reflects these youngster’s deeply held values and inspirations. Kipling’s poem is not bad but simply not suited. He is also perceived as racist in enlightened interpretation of contemporary cannot be denied.